The examination of two swine diseases: Colorado porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) prevalence surveillance and Exploratory analysis of federally mandated reported PEDV AND PDCOV cases in the United States
Date
2016
Authors
Stallard, Sarah, author
Kirch, Brett, advisor
Tatum, Daryl, advisor
Frank, Chad, committee member
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Abstract
Two studies were conducted examining two relevant swine disease in the United states. The objective of the first study was to assess the prevalence of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) amongst swine in Colorado. A mail out survey regarding the PRRS status of their premises was sent to 1,263 producers from the Colorado Pork Producers Council’s mailing list. Response rate was 2.45%, identifying a need for increased communication between producers, Colorado State University and Colorado Pork Producers Council, as well as recognizing the potential lack of disease surveillance amongst a large population of smaller producers in Colorado. An addendum to the study assessing prevalence amongst Colorado show pigs at the Colorado State Fair tested 74 pigs of the 350 on site for the show. No positive results were found yielding a 0% (95% CI, 0%-4.9%) seroprevalence. Results from the PRRS prevalence study suggest that the prevalence of PRRS, as measured in this study, amongst Colorado swine is lower than previously recorded state and national averages. The second analysis explores initial Swine Enteric Coronavirus Disease (SECD) reports to the United Stated Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and examines trends amongst disease cases. The SECD include Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) and Porcine Epidemic Delta Corona Virus (PEDCoV). The analysis of these data provide a summary of reportable SECD cases within the U.S. following the federal mandate announced on 5 June 2014 up until 23 May 2015. A total of 2,055 cases were used in the analysis and were assessed looking at the variables of regional location in the United States, operation type and month of sample submission on the distribution of presumptive and confirmed cases of these diseases. Statistical analyses using chi-squared tests found a significant association between all variables and both confirmed and presumptive cases (P<0.0001). Logistic regression was performed with a binary outcome for presumptive and confirmed cases, with region, operation type and submission month included in the model. The least squares mean estimates that the West North Central region was least likely to show a confirmed case (P=0.004) and the North East region was most likely to show a confirmed case (P=0.009), while holding other variables constant. Wean to finish operations have the highest likelihood to show confirmed cases (P=0.001) while finisher barns have the lowest likelihood. Presumptive cases were most likely to be submitted in June (P=0.006), whereas the most likely time for submitted confirmed cases was March (P=0.001).
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Subject
porcine
PEDV
PRRS