Design, fabrication, and performance of infrared and visible vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Date
1997
Authors
Lear, Kevin L., author
Hadley, G. Ronald, author
Crawford, Mary Hagerott, author
Choquette, Kent D., author
Chow, W. W. (Weng W.), author
IEEE, publisher
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Abstract
This paper discusses the issues involving the design and fabrication of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's). A review of the basic experimental structures is given, with emphasis on recent developments in distributed Bragg reflectors, gain media, as well as current and optical confinement techniques. The paper describes present VCSEL performance, in particular, those involving selective oxidation and visible wavelength operation.
Description
Rights Access
Subject
semiconductor lasers
semiconductor device fabrication
optoelectronic devices