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Amendment effects on soil physical properties and restoration of decommissioned forest roads

Abstract

Unsealed forest roads, including logging roads and unauthorized roads created by hunters, miners, and recreational users, generate significant harmful effects to local ecosystems and waterways. Rapid restoration of these roads is necessary to prevent erosion, downstream implications for water quality, and a variety of other deleterious ecosystem impacts. Soil amendments, including mulches, composts, and other materials, offer promise to improve soil health, restore soil structure, and support revegetation of these sites. I tested the viability of three locally-sourced soil amendments wood straw mulch, Biosol fertilizer, and biochar alone and in paired combinations to restore soil physical properties important for improved hydrologic function and plant growth. I found that amendment combinations of biochar + mulch and biochar + Biosol significantly reduced soil bulk density when compared to unamended controls. Other factors (aggregate stability, infiltration, sediment production) suggested potential for improvement relative to unamended control plots, but no significant differences between treatments were observed due to high variability within and between sites. Regression analyses revealed that soil physical properties, particularly wet aggregate stability, was significantly correlated with key soil erosion parameters such as infiltration and runoff, suggesting aggregate stability could provide a useful measure of soil restoration success.

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